Showing posts with label morganslists. Show all posts
Showing posts with label morganslists. Show all posts
The use of human DNA in the scientific world is a very delicate and controversial topic. Bioethicists, scientists, and religious groups debate the morality of using human DNA with very convincing arguments. Yet, human DNA can also be used in creative and artistic ways that are less controversial. Here is a list of 10 Interesting and Controversial ways People have used Human DNA:
10 DNA Canvas Art Print
DNA 11 are the original creators of personalized DNA art prints, for those of us who literally want that personal touch. The selection and designs are numerous and other pieces are available such as DNA rugs, DNA waterwalls, and DNA wallpaper. They have now taken it a step further with DNA ancestry portraits where your genetic lineage is encoded to create a one-of-a-kind canvas art piece. Unlock the secrets of your ancestry with a personal, scannable bar-code that crosses over from physical to digital trade your maternal lineage. By scanning your augmented artwork with a camera-equipped smartphone your portrait becomes the gateway to a personalized ancestry page tracing your origins back thousands of years.
9 DNA Information Storage Device
One million bases of DNA sequence data is equivalent to 1 megabyte of computer data storage space, and there are approximately 3 billion bases in the DNA of every cell in your body. Your body is basically a super computer, and bio-engineers and geneticists at Harvard Wyss Institute can literally turn parts of the human body into tiny nano-disk drives. They have successfully stored 5.5 petabits- around 700 terabytes- in a single gram of DNA, destroying the previous DNA density record by a thousand times. The record was set by George Church and Sri Kosuri, who basically treat the DNA just like any other digital storage device. Instead of binary data being encoded as magnetic regions on a hard drive platter, strands of DNA that store 96 bits are synthesized, with each of the bases (TGAC) representing a binary value (T and G =1, A and C =0). To read the data stored in DNA, you simply sequence it, just as if you were sequencing the human genome, and convert each of the TGAC bases back into binary.
With DNA, there is unlimited storage space and it can survive for a very long time under the right conditions. Synthesizing and sequencing DNA is common place today while not long ago it took the original Human Genome Project years to analyze a single human genome. Luckily, modern lab equipment can now do it within just a few hours. We can now fit 14,000 Blu-ray disks in a droplet of DNA that would fit on the tip of a pinky finger. We can look forward to a technology that will allow us to record anything and everything without reservation. Currently, there are limits to what can be recorded because we simply don't have the storage capacity to record everything all the time and store the information safely. With this technology the world can be blanketed cameras that record every moment for all eternity, and store it on just a tiny drop of DNA. It is now also possible to store data on living cells like skin, for a time limit of a few hours, but in the future we may not be restricted to a time limit.
With DNA, there is unlimited storage space and it can survive for a very long time under the right conditions. Synthesizing and sequencing DNA is common place today while not long ago it took the original Human Genome Project years to analyze a single human genome. Luckily, modern lab equipment can now do it within just a few hours. We can now fit 14,000 Blu-ray disks in a droplet of DNA that would fit on the tip of a pinky finger. We can look forward to a technology that will allow us to record anything and everything without reservation. Currently, there are limits to what can be recorded because we simply don't have the storage capacity to record everything all the time and store the information safely. With this technology the world can be blanketed cameras that record every moment for all eternity, and store it on just a tiny drop of DNA. It is now also possible to store data on living cells like skin, for a time limit of a few hours, but in the future we may not be restricted to a time limit.
8 Deep Space DNA
Peter Poulsen, who has a doctorate in applied sciences, recently announced to the world from a Star Trek Convention his plans to use rockets to carry DNA into deep space. For the low-low price of $495 your DNA cocktail can climb aboard for future space aliens to clone and probe you in a state of perpetual torture for all eternity.
Sometime in 2015, Poulsen hopes to start sending small rockets packed with DNA into deep space. Once there, the rockets will orbit the sun and store our DNA for later discovery or recovery. Poulsen's enterprise, the SAEL-Away Adventure, will even send your favorite critter's DNA into orbit. Poulsen wont be using traditional methods used with space burials instead he claims he has secured a contract with the Panamanian Government that will allow him to use a former military base for his operations. There he wants to deploy a cannon to propel his rockets into orbit. The rockets will also carry a beacon aboard so that customers can track their DNA on it's space flight from the comforts of home.
Sometime in 2015, Poulsen hopes to start sending small rockets packed with DNA into deep space. Once there, the rockets will orbit the sun and store our DNA for later discovery or recovery. Poulsen's enterprise, the SAEL-Away Adventure, will even send your favorite critter's DNA into orbit. Poulsen wont be using traditional methods used with space burials instead he claims he has secured a contract with the Panamanian Government that will allow him to use a former military base for his operations. There he wants to deploy a cannon to propel his rockets into orbit. The rockets will also carry a beacon aboard so that customers can track their DNA on it's space flight from the comforts of home.
7 3-D Portraits made from Human DNA
Heather Dewey-Hagborg, an artist, noticed a piece of hair stuck to a photo frame one day and genius struck. She tried to imagine who the hair belonged to, what did this person look like? To answer these questions she decided to combine science with art, the project "Strange Visions" had begun. Heather collected cigarette butts, locks of hair, and even chewed bubblegum from public places and sampled the DNA from these items to create a 3-D portrait of how the owners of the DNA might look.
She compared the DNA to a known database of DNA strings, that show specific attributes of a person like the spacing between eyes, and the probability to be overweight. She then used the 3D Basel Morphable Module to create a 3-D portrait, which was printed on a 3-D printer, revealing a life-like bust of the actual law breaking litterer. The project has even received offers from several police investigators to help identify missing persons. In today's world, we are no longer just a face in the crowd.
6 DNA Mechanical Devices (DNA Robots)
DNA nanotechnology uses the pairing of the DNA double helix to assemble more complex structures. The DNA can be bent into shapes such as a cube or an octahedron, and once the DNA is shaped into suitably rigid motifs it can be stimulated with certain proteins and other DNA to display programmable features.
The original goal behind this science was to organize nano-electronics and even DNA computation. The key to this technology is the static nature of DNA, with it's ability to change shape (sometimes called DNA origami) in response to external stimuli. In principle, this means that the DNA can act as a functional machine. When the DNA is stimulated with certain proteins it will move in a predictable motion, sometimes even rotating along a DNA track. These DNA mechanical devices, that can move along a DNA track, are called DNA Walkers. It is also speculated that DNA rotary devices can be created working very similarly to the way a clock works or a train on it's tracks. The scientists can then command their army of clockwork DNA to do their bidding! This technology can be put to use in the medical field possibly locating cancers in the human body and seeking them out for destruction, while leaving the healthy cells untouched. The possibilities are endless and this technology could revolutionize health care as we know it.
The original goal behind this science was to organize nano-electronics and even DNA computation. The key to this technology is the static nature of DNA, with it's ability to change shape (sometimes called DNA origami) in response to external stimuli. In principle, this means that the DNA can act as a functional machine. When the DNA is stimulated with certain proteins it will move in a predictable motion, sometimes even rotating along a DNA track. These DNA mechanical devices, that can move along a DNA track, are called DNA Walkers. It is also speculated that DNA rotary devices can be created working very similarly to the way a clock works or a train on it's tracks. The scientists can then command their army of clockwork DNA to do their bidding! This technology can be put to use in the medical field possibly locating cancers in the human body and seeking them out for destruction, while leaving the healthy cells untouched. The possibilities are endless and this technology could revolutionize health care as we know it.
5 DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting dates back to 1985, when it was first developed by Sir Alec Jeffrys. It is considered the greatest achievement in forensic science since the development of fingerprint identification, and DNA Fingerprinting has been highly successful in the identification of criminal suspects, the resolution of paternity issues, and the identification of human remains. It has also facilitated the creation of many amusing Jerry Springer episodes. The use of DNA evidence in criminal court cases seriously tipped the scale between perpetrators and the law.
The masses first began to hear about DNA used as evidence in the popular 1995 O.J. Simpson trial. In the past, many convicted criminals have been exonerated due to mishandling of DNA evidence in crime labs, sometimes decades after the actual crime was committed. The Innocence Project is a national litigation and public policy organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals through DNA testing. Of the 311 people exonerated through DNA testing, 18 have served time on death row. DNA fingerprinting has heralded many needed improvements to several of the world's leading criminal justice systems. DNA even outed Anna Anderson of Russia, who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia fooling even royalty until her death in 1984 when her DNA was sampled. DNA fingerprinting showed that her DNA did not match the patterns of living relatives of the Romanov royal family.
The masses first began to hear about DNA used as evidence in the popular 1995 O.J. Simpson trial. In the past, many convicted criminals have been exonerated due to mishandling of DNA evidence in crime labs, sometimes decades after the actual crime was committed. The Innocence Project is a national litigation and public policy organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals through DNA testing. Of the 311 people exonerated through DNA testing, 18 have served time on death row. DNA fingerprinting has heralded many needed improvements to several of the world's leading criminal justice systems. DNA even outed Anna Anderson of Russia, who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia fooling even royalty until her death in 1984 when her DNA was sampled. DNA fingerprinting showed that her DNA did not match the patterns of living relatives of the Romanov royal family.
4 Human DNA Bank
The world's second and Asia's first Human DNA Bank has been set up at the Biotech Park in Uttar Pradesh's Lucknow district. "DNA Identification System (DIS) will be one of the most important functions of the DNA Bank that will facilitate establishing identity of individuals within a few seconds," Biotech Park's CEO, P.K. Seth, commented. "The members of the Human DNA Bank will receive a microchip based DNA card containing information of their fingerprints, and other anthropological details," said Seth.
The information can then be read through special readers, that will be installed at important places across the globe. Strategically place in areas like airports and borders. Although it seems very sketchy like dystopianism, IBS director Saeed Ahmad assures us it can be used for less nefarious purposes. He uses examples like establishing the identity of an unconscious person. He also stated the card can be used as a check point at immigration counters or at airports. The beginnings of a brave new world.
The information can then be read through special readers, that will be installed at important places across the globe. Strategically place in areas like airports and borders. Although it seems very sketchy like dystopianism, IBS director Saeed Ahmad assures us it can be used for less nefarious purposes. He uses examples like establishing the identity of an unconscious person. He also stated the card can be used as a check point at immigration counters or at airports. The beginnings of a brave new world.
3 Human Genome Project
The Human Genome is the complete set of genetic information for homo-sapiens. This information is naturally stored in our DNA, and we carry a map through the ages of every person we have descended from, in every cell of our bodies. The Human Genome Project endeavored to map all of our genes together, known as the human genome. The project began to sequence and map our individual genomes, to create a blueprint for the history of our species. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced. The project has and will continue to lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology including human evolution. In fact, for that less money than expected, we can purchase DNA tests for ancestry as far back as hundreds of thousands of years. Then zip on over to ancestry.com and link our test for our more immediate ancestry, the possibilities are endless and can also be very useful.
David Agus, an oncologist and cancer researcher at the University of Southern California, started Navigenics, which is a company that does DNA testing to determine whether a person is likely to develop a disease. Dr. Agus encourages everyone to get tested as an early warning system, to delay onset, or even prevent certain diseases. That's precisely what happened to Mari Baker, the company's CEO. When her results revealed a 5-times-greater risk of celiac disease, follow-up testing ordered by her physician confirmed she did in fact have the digestive disease, and had been causing many of her health complaints. Celiac disease is caused by an intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. After changing her diet to gluten-free Baker stated that she feels so much healthier, like she avoided something potentially serious. Unfortunately, test results aren't always so clear cut, sometimes predicting male pattern baldness in men with full heads of lustrous hair. Although, over the next decade, tests are guaranteed to become more affordable and more accurate.
David Agus, an oncologist and cancer researcher at the University of Southern California, started Navigenics, which is a company that does DNA testing to determine whether a person is likely to develop a disease. Dr. Agus encourages everyone to get tested as an early warning system, to delay onset, or even prevent certain diseases. That's precisely what happened to Mari Baker, the company's CEO. When her results revealed a 5-times-greater risk of celiac disease, follow-up testing ordered by her physician confirmed she did in fact have the digestive disease, and had been causing many of her health complaints. Celiac disease is caused by an intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. After changing her diet to gluten-free Baker stated that she feels so much healthier, like she avoided something potentially serious. Unfortunately, test results aren't always so clear cut, sometimes predicting male pattern baldness in men with full heads of lustrous hair. Although, over the next decade, tests are guaranteed to become more affordable and more accurate.
2 Genetically Engineered Babies
Arguing for the prohibition of designer babies is Professor Sheldon Kimsky of Tufts University, and chair for the Council for Responsible Genetics. Kimsky stated his first objection is that, "No set of animal studies can ensure the safety and efficacy of human prenatal genetic modification. It is unimaginable that any human democratic society would permit such a trial with public or private funds; the risk would outweigh the benefits." He also argued that traits in a human cannot be controlled by just a few genes. He stated, "Traits like intelligence, personality, muscle tone, muscianship...are complex and not only involve dozens if not hundreds of genes but are the result of nutrition, social and environmental factors, genetic switches that are outside of the DNA and the gene-gene interactions that occur in human cells." The question we must ask is can human perfection be directed by manipulating genetics and if so should society allow it?
1 Human- Animal Chimeras (Para-human)
Recently, a Japanese team released the news that they are well on their way to creating a human-animal hybrid. Pigs with human organs, have been mixed up in their labs, ensuring outcries of bio-ethicists all over the globe. You might be surprised to learn that the UK Academy of Medical Sciences released a report on "animals containing human material" and it concluded that most research on chimeras is permitted by existing UK laws. It also stated that the experiments that are unlawful due ethical objections are breeding any animal that has human sperm or eggs, or creating a non-human primate that has a humanized brain. The Japanese claim their techniques rule out creating an animal with human gonads or grey matter, but apparently these things can happen. To "reassure" us, they have also spoken about using primates if their pig-humans fail.
Interestingly, since the Human Fertilization Embryology act of 2008, three colleges were licensed to carry out the creation of a variety of hybrids. Such hybrids include an animal egg fertilized with a human sperm, or Cybrids, which is a human nucleus implanted into an animal cell. Chimeras are human cells mixed with animal embryos.
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Noses, everybody has one, and they come in all different shapes and sizes. They are an important feature and prominent on our faces so it's no wonder there are clubs for noses, and competitions to declare the owner of the biggest nose! There are even fetish websites strictly for people who enjoy large noses, and the bigger the better! Noses are noticeable, so when a person has a large nose they are unforgettable, and there are quite a few notable noses in our recent history, like the well known Jimmy Durante for one. This is also true for our more distant ancestors in times past. Here are 10 notable noses in history.
10 Rudolph l of Hapsburg
Rudolph married and bought, with his two daughters, his way to the Crown in 1273. He also made deals with Holy Roman Church, promising the Catholics to lead a new crusade for Pope Gregory X. Afterwards, King Rudolph turned his eye to Austria and established the prominent House of Hapsburg by placing his two sons in powerful positions, he is both known as a generous king and as a wicked king but he is better known for his wickedly generous nose.
9 Nefertiti
Recently, thanks to a CT scan, researchers have been able to reveal Nefertiti's true face and with it, her true nose. And she wasn't exactly the young and flawless Egyptian Queen, like the mental image we have come to associate with her, and the one she associated with herself. The image people usually call to mind, when thinking of Nefertiti, is the intricately carved limestone bust that was discovered in 1912 hidden in the studio of royal sculptor Thutmose. Nefertiti, wife and consort of Pharoah Akenaten who ruled Egypt over 3,000 years ago, appeared to be as gorgeous as she was powerful. Unfortunately, due to the recent CT scan we are forced to take our beer goggles off and get a sobering look at the real face of Queen Nefertiti. Like our favorite supermodels, Nefertiti just wasn't as perfect as the media portrayed her. Hidden beneath the layers of limestone and stucco was, at the core, a mold of Nefertiti's true face. Her nose was bent and protruding with a large bump on the bridge, her face sagged at the jowls, and was quite aged. In the final layer, Thutmose smoothed out her tired eyes and her beak like nose giving us the great-grandpa of airbrushing. Setting unachievable standards as a form of manipulation by the media? Couldn't be.
8 Cleopatra
Here is another example of a female Egyptian ruler with a hooked nose, the difference here being that Cleopatra owned it and plastered her silhouette all over Egyptian coinage. In fact, there is a whole contingency theory based on Cleopatra's nose. The famous French mathematician, Blaise Pascal, first introduced this topic remarking that, "Cleopatra's nose, had it been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been changed." A small event, or slightly larger in the case of Cleopatra's nose, can change the course of history and her nose gave her the visage of power and masculinity which enabled her to rule with authority gaining the respect of all those she came into contact with. Like Julius Caesar or Mark Antony, who are both rumored to have loved giving Eskimo kisses.
7 Tycho Brahe
Besides having an awesome name, Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer in the 1500's and he paved the way for many discoveries by fixing the positions of the planets and the stars. Kepler's laws of planetary motions are based on Brahe's observations, and he also discovered Cassiopeia and some particulars about the moon's orbit. Although he never did accept the notion that the earth revolved around the sun, and instead he thought of the earth as an immobile body, which the sun and everything evolved around. His calculations were just a tiny bit off, and that may have also been the case when he dueled over a math problem with a fellow gentry.The gentleman and Brahe engaged in a duel, in the dead of night, and the weapons that were chosen were swords. His opponent having spent less time gazing at the stars and active in sword practice, quickly sliced the bridge of Brahe's nose clean off. He wore a shiny copper nose, not gold or silver as the legend recalls, for the rest of his strange and eccentric life. Brahe regularly employed dwarfs as jesters, he kept a pet elk (which died after breaking a leg attempting to scale some stairs drunk), he dabbled in alchemy, and he tyrannized the local peasantry on a regular basis.
6 Cyrano de Bergerac
Cyrano is included because he was awesome, he had a big-big nose, and he was a real boy unlike our favorite fictional character Pinnochio. Cyrano's nose was big enough to have a whole play based on it, and in the plays and movies he hid behind a beautiful face, but he contributed his wit and charm behind the scenes. In reality, Cyrano was a French soldier, satirist, dramatist, and...science fiction writer. Yes, that's right. He can be credited for applying the rocket to space travel, and for inventing the ram jet in his stories. In Cyrano's day, around 1637, he could be found drinking, gambling, or dueling. So much so that several of his friends nicknamed him the "Demon of Courage," because he had been in as many duels as the days they had known him. Cyrano died shrouded in mystery, some say he was killed by a planking falling on his head and others say that he had been forced into a mental asylum by his brother with a "secret illness," which was probably syphilis. Cyrano later died in a street brawl, probably due to aggression as a side-effect of a syphilis infection.
5 Leopold II of Belgium
Lost in Belgium's grisly past is King Leopold. He was once hailed as a hero for civilizing the Congo, but in actuality Leopold simultaneously terrorized the locals and sucked them dry of all their natural resources. At one time, a hulking statue of the hook-nosed King sat front-and-center in the lavish Royal Museum, made possible by the copious amounts of money he was stealing from the Congo and it's inhabitants, and King Leopold never even bothered to visit. If you were to visit the Royal Museum now, photos depicting torture and mutilated bodies sit in his statue's place. It was the turn of the century, and King Leopold felt that every great country should have colonies and so Belgium's spin on colonization with torture began. He first set about mining the Congo's rubber, ivory, timber, gun, and copal. The region quickly turned into a rubber making sweat shop, and if quotas weren't met the King's militia came to rape and slaughter the inhabitants and then burn the homes of the workers. The soldiers collected the hands of their still breathing victims for their Belgium masters as proof of a job well done. One historian estimates the death toll was 13 million in that area alone, and there is certainly evidence of a past depopulation event in the Congo today.
4 Michelangelo's David
Michelangelo himself had a distinct nose that was flattened and squished close to his face. This is because when Michelangelo was fifteen he had a violent encounter with a fellow student, Pietro Torrigiano. Michelangelo, known for his sharp wit, criticized Pietro's work one too many times. Becoming enraged, Pietro punched Michelangelo in the nose with such force that he crushed it leaving Michelangelo permanently disfigured. Possibly experiencing nose envy, from that time forward Michelangelo's work featured a series of prominent noses. Powerful Piero Soderino, a top magistrate criticized Michelangelo's statue David at it's revealing, saying that David's nose was much too large which made him aesthetically unappealing and needed adjustment. Cleverly, Michelangelo palmed some marble dust and climbed back up his latter, he then pretended to chisel at the offending feature, which satisfied the ignorant Soderino.
3 Thomas Wedders
Thomas Wedders was a circus side show act in the 1700's, but what was amazing about Wedders was his seven and a half inch nose! His super sized nose ensured Wedders a place in our hearts, our history books, and in Ripley's Believe It Or Not Picadilly Circus. But Wedders wasn't always so admired. One author, George Goulde, wrote, "This man expired as he had lived, in a condition of mind best described as the most abject idiocy." Well, at least Wedders didn't die in abject obscurity like Mr. Gould.
2 Big Nose Kate
Big Nose Kate (A.k.a. Katie Elder) was a rip-roaring, hard-drinking, gun-slinging, prostitute of the wild-wild west. She associated with some of the most prolific outlaws and lawmen around, but Kate is better known for betraying her lover, Doc Holliday. She did this by signing a deposition saying she witnessed her famous husband, Holliday, hold up a stage coach. Yet, she is also known for her extraordinarily large nose. As Kate Elder, she worked in a brothel run by Nellie Bessie Earp, wife of James Earp. James Earp was brother to Virgil, Wyatt, and Morgan Earp of Dodge City, Kansas. Through her association with the Earp brothers, she met Doc Holiday, and it is rumored that Kate rescued Holliday from a crazy mob out for revenge by setting fire to a shed and creating a diversion for his escape. Almost burning down the whole town in the process. Later, after Holliday allegedly participated in a stage coach robbery, some town officials decided revenge was in order and they convinced Kate, on a drunken binge and humiliated after a public screaming match with Holliday, to snitch out Holliday with a written statement. Sobering up the next day and realizing what she had done, Kate recanted her story, but the relationship between Holliday and Kate never recovered.
1 Big Nose George
Big Nose George's real name was George Parrot, an already unfortunate name for a man destined to have a beak like nose. George is famous for being the only person in American history to be made into a pair of shoes. George was a cattle rustler, train robber, and gunman who circulated Wyoming with his gang and eventually he ran into trouble after he and his gang of outlaws murdered two lawmen in a botched train robbery. He was arrested later after boasting about the deed all over town, and soon after was hauled from jail by an angry mob and lynched to death.
The top of George's skull was sawed off by Dr. John Osborne and presented to his medical assistant, 15 year old Lillian Heath, who later became Wyoming's first female doctor. She even used the skull as an ashtray, a pen-holder, and a door stop. Next, his body was skinned and sent to a tannery to be made into a pair of shoes and a medical bag. Dr. Osborne was eventually elected as first Democratic Governor of Wyoming, and wore the Big Nose George shoes to the Inaugural ball.
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