Showing posts with label aliens. Show all posts
Showing posts with label aliens. Show all posts
Panspermia is the theory that life spreads throughout the universe from planet to planet, and solar system to solar system. Distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, and even through spacecraft via unintended contamination from alien contact. For example, during an Apollo mission to the moon there was a stowaway, the common bacteria Streptococcus mitis, took a walk on the moon with the astronauts and lived to return home and tell it's tale. In 1991, Apollo 12 Commander Pete Conrad commented on the significance of the only known microbial survivor of harsh interplanetary travel:
"I always thought the most significant thing that we ever found on the whole...Moon was that little bacteria who came back and lived and nobody ever said [anything] about it."It was the only known survivor of unprotected space travel, but in the span of the last thirty years since the discovery, many other organisms have been exposed to the vacuum of space and lived. Here is a list of 6 organisms that can survive travel in the vacuum of space:
#1 Beer Microbes
Bacteria, called OU-20, survived a 553-day trial where it was exposed to the vacuum of space and returned to Earth alive, and even began to thrive after it's return. Taken from the mountains of Beer, near a remote fishing village in England, the bacteria has proved to be amazingly resilient and hard to to kill. The bacteria was placed on the exterior of the space station to see how it would cope with the harsh environment and the radiation of space. When the microbes were inspected 553 days later many specimens were still alive. The bacteria usually thrives on rock, such as limestone, and can even be used to extract important minerals from rock. The fact that it can survive in space on rock furthers the theory that certain microbes traveled to this planet on rocky meteorites.
Before this, bacteria spores like Streptococcus mitis, had been known to survive many years in space, but this is the longest any cells of photosynthesizing microbes have been recorded surviving. Scientists speculate that OU-20 can survive the ultraviolet light, cosmic rays, and dramatic temperatures because of it's extremely thick gel-like cell walls. Also, through the microbe's habit to form colonies in harsh conditions and protect those cells located at the very center from radiation.
Before this, bacteria spores like Streptococcus mitis, had been known to survive many years in space, but this is the longest any cells of photosynthesizing microbes have been recorded surviving. Scientists speculate that OU-20 can survive the ultraviolet light, cosmic rays, and dramatic temperatures because of it's extremely thick gel-like cell walls. Also, through the microbe's habit to form colonies in harsh conditions and protect those cells located at the very center from radiation.
#2 Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus mitis is a common bacteria that usually lives in the mouth or throat but has also been known to live in space. The Surveyor probes, the first craft to land safely on the moon, carried with them cameras to send pictures of the moon back to Earth. Within one of the cameras, a tiny microbe stowed away and survived over two years of the moon's harsh environment before returning to Earth on the Apollo 12 mission, in 1969. NASA retains an ambiguous stance on the subject, maintaining that the equipment could have been compromised by a sneeze from a technician after it's return to Earth, but recently has been more open to the possibility. NASA even marked the 30 year anniversary since the microbe's return to Earth in 1999.
#3 Sea Plankton
Recently, Russian cosmonauts have reported the presence of sea plankton and other microscopic particles on the exterior of the International Space Station. Chief of the Russian ISS orbital mission Vladimir Solovyev said in a recent press release:
“Results of the experiment are absolutely unique. We have found traces of sea plankton and microscopic particles on the illuminator surface. This should be studied further.”
“Results of the scope of scientific experiments which had been conducted for a quite long time were summed up in the previous year, confirming that some organisms can live on the surface of the International Space Station (ISS) for years amid factors of a space flight, such as zero gravity, temperature conditions and hard cosmic radiation. Several surveys proved that these organisms can even develop.”NASA has yet to jump on board with this new find, again retaining it's ambiguity, but with more studies we may soon have an official statement. One type of sea crustacean and form of sea plankton, water fleas, are known to reproduce through parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is an asexual form of reproduction where no genetic contribution is needed from the males of the species, but the resulting offspring can be male or non-clone females. Water fleas often reproduce this way when exposed to harsh environments and this could be one ability it uses to repopulate an area after being exposed to extreme conditions like those experienced in space. Parthenogenesis has been known to enable animals to retain genetic diversity among populations in small habitats, like islands, by enabling the female to reproduce completely asexually or produce, without genetic contribution from a male, male offspring to breed with. The fact that the females are better equipped to survive the harsh conditions and can produce males, without any male contribution, leads to the assumption that the females of the species were the first to survive the harsh conditions of space and arrive on Earth. It could even be that the males of the species are simply a product of evolution, created as a retainer of genetic information, and only used to provide genetic diversity when the occasion arises, like an arrival to Earth. See the article 5 Animals That May Prove The Male Sex Is A Product Of Evolution for more information and explanation.
#4 Lichen
The lichen pictured above was exposed to the vacuum of space outside the International Space Station in 2008. A follow-up mission was issued in 2009 and both experiments lasted over a year and a half. The lichen was observed to go into a dormant state, waiting for better conditions to arise, and continued to thrive once it made the trip back to Earth.
"The results from the Expose-E mission's astrobiology experiments are exciting in that they test life's capacity to survive the harsh environment of outer space," says Sherry Cady, editor-in-chief of Astrobiology. "These kinds of activities are critical to the success of future missions for solar system exploration."The European Space Agency's study reports that it's findings lend credence to the theory of Panspermia, which states that life spreads throughout the universe. The findings could also lend a hand in developing new formulas for sunscreen.
#5 Spores of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032
"After testing exposure to the simulated Mars environment, we wanted to see what would happen in real space, and EuTEF gave us the chance," said Kasthuri J. Venkateswaran, a researcher with the Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a co-author on all three papers, according to a news release. "To our surprise, some of the spores survived for 18 months."
The researchers found that the spores which survived exposure to the simulated Mars environment, showed an increased resistance to U.V. radiation when back on Earth. In a second study, researchers exposed both Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis to space radiation and temperature fluctuations for over a year followed by exposure to the simulated Mars Environment. Researchers found that when they filtered out some of the radiation 50% of these spores survived. Meaning that it is possible for these spores to hitch a ride through space, if they are somewhat sheltered against solar radiation. The third experiment was with the lichen mentioned in #4, and the researchers concluded that some organisms could survive space for millions of years before landing on a planet. Once the organisms land, it can be speculated that their evolution from there is only limited to the the various environments of their new terrain. In the future, we may be able to hypothesize the various animals that may exist on a newly discovered habitable planet by looking at the organisms that occupy similar environments here on Earth. If life is found on other habitable planets and the theory of Panspermia is proven correct, then all life forms come from the same building blocks, and life throughout the solar system could be quite similar even on planets millions of light years away. Therefore we could accurately predict what life might be where, based on the environment of the planet in question. See the article 5 Possibilities Of How Alien Life Could Appear On Other Habitable Planets for some ideas. One example is the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, which was listed as the world's toughest bacterium in The Guinness Book Of World Records.
#6 Tardigrades
Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are aquatic micro-animals with eight legs. They are the first known animal species to survive in space. In 2007, for ten days a group of tardigrades were subjected to an experiment. Some of the tardigrades were exposed to solar radiation, some to just the vacuum of space, and some to a combination of both. Those that were protected from full U.V. radiation exposure survived at a remarkable rate of 68%, and revived within 30 minutes of rehydration. Those that were exposed both to the vacuum and to radiation maintained significantly reduced survival rates, with only 3 specimens of the Milnesium tardigradum species surviving. It should also be noted that the Milnesium tardigradum can reproduce sexually and through parthenogenesis. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with other extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, confirming that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research."
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Is the Transformers: Age of Extinction villain, Joshua Joyce, modeled after real-life technology mogul, Robert Bigelow, of Bigelow Aerospace? Here are 4 creepy connections that may have you guessing.
Transformers: Age of Extinction Villain "Joshua Joyce"
Joshua Joyce is a villain from the new movie Transformers: Age of Extinction. To avoid spoilers this article will be brief, but essentially Joshua Joyce, played by Stanley Tucci, is the head of KSI, an independent technology based company, sanctioned by and working in tandem with the U.S. Government.
- The aim of KSI is to create new and improved Transformers, that operate for and by the American Government. In the movie, they are created by modeling them after known Transformers and using reported sightings to steal manufacturing ideas and materials.
- The government relays all Transformer sightings directly to KSI and Joshua Joyce. Joyce, and his company, privately investigate these sightings and even collect fallen Transformers to melt down for parts. Their findings are kept top-secret.
- Joshua Joyce was originally an inventor with a passion for science and the unknown. As Joyce acquired more and more success, he eventually began to trade in his soul and moral fortitude for government contracts, government secrecy, and government money. He lost site of his original goal.
- Joshua Joyce owns and operates KSI, a private facility with extreme security measures to protect suspicious government manufacturing.
Vs.
Robert Bigelow: Technology Mogul of Bigelow Aerospace
Robert T. Bigelow (born 1945) is an American hotel and aerospace entrepreneur who owns the hotel chain Budget Suites of America and is the founder of Bigelow Aerospace and NIDS (National Institute for Discovery Science.)
- The Skinwalker Ranch in Utah is named after native american shape-shifting legends, and is home to Robert Bigelow's company Bigelow Aerospace. This company began through ideas Bigelow had since he was a child about space and UFO's. On Bigelow's NIDS website in 1998, he stated "As for our UFO friends, we will not begin to match their early craft until we also begin to exploit space for manufacturing purposes." Bigelow Aerospace had plans to attach some of their habitats to the International Space Station (ISS) under contract with NASA. Bigelow has done just that, his official website mission statement for Bigelow Aerospace reads, “Since 1999 our mission has been to provide affordable options for spaceflight to national space agencies and corporate clients. In 2006 and 2007, we launched our orbiting prototypes Genesis I and Genesis II. Using our patented expandable habitats, our plan is to greatly exceed the usable space of the International Space Station at a fraction of the cost by developing our next generation spacecraft.” Furthermore, many sightings of triangle shaped and blimp like aircraft have been recently spotted over the Skinwalker Ranch. An earlier NIDS study suggested that the triangles were "lighter-than-air, blimp-style craft of the U.S. military’s making" powered by new "electrokinetic/field drives, or airborne nuclear power units." The silent deltas reported around America in the 1990s and early 2000s may well have been prototypes of the massive airships that have just gone into official production in Southern California. This is disturbing because a 2004 quote from NIDS states that these UFOs were, "consistent with (a) the routine and open deployment of an unacknowledged advanced Defense Department aircraft or (b) the routine and open deployment of an aircraft owned and operated by personnel outside the Defense Department." In a New York times interview with Bigelow, after a question about UFOs stated,"People have been killed, people have been hurt." So if some of these unknown aircraft are not operated by aliens or the government, who operates them? Who have they hurt or killed, and if they are in fact operated by the government, what kinds of technology is the government hiding?
- The FAA defers all FAA UFO reports to Bigelow Aerospace. Bigelow has even offered $750,000 for a grant that will seal away information collected from their UFO sighting database from public view. If there is a sighting over Skinwalker Ranch, the person who reports it is immediately directed back to Bigelow Aerospace by the American Government. This seems an effective and efficient way for Bigelow to control all reports.
- Bigelow had a passion for UFO sighting that started with a sighting by his grandparents in Las Vegas. This led to the founding of NIDS, a company to publicly investigate UFO sightings. Unfortunately, Bigelow eventually sold his soul and sold out to "black-ops" disguised as "private enterprise." Bigelow sold out for government contracts, government secrecy, and government money. Also, Robert Bigelow is the only person exempted by the International Traffic and Arms Regulations that prevents companies from exporting weapons and ammunitions into space. Why is he the only one that can carry arms into space?
- Bigelow's Skinwalker Ranch is shrouded in secrecy and security and trespassers proceed under threat of death, or a creepy UFO encounter. In fact, the logo for the company, which is displayed on the side of the facility, is the classic "Grey Alien." There is a relentless security team or "private militia" that also sports the grey alien insignia on their uniforms. The security is placed there to protect Bigelow's secret government manufacturing from investigative reporters, spies from other nations, and the prying eyes of the public.
Scroll down for more on Bigelow & Videos of sightings over Skinwalker Ranch:
Bigelow recounts that at age 12 he "decided that his future lay in space travel, despite his limitations [in mathematics, and] he resolved to choose a career that would make him rich enough that, one day, he could hire the scientific expertise required to launch his own space program. Until then, he would tell no one—not even his wife—about his ultimate goal."
Now Bigelow is pushing for property rites to the moon:
"Companies must know they will be able to (1) enjoy the fruits of their labor relative to activities conducted on the Moon or other celestial bodies, and (2) own the property that they have surveyed, developed, and are realistically able to utilize,” the report states. And, in a point emphasized in the report in bold, italic, and underlined type: “Without property rights, any plan to engage the private sector in long-term beyond LEO activities will ultimately fail."
Videos of UFOs sighted over The Skinwalker Ranch:
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| Pompeii Worm |
There has been more than 700 planets discovered outside our solar system yet none of them match or come even close to a Earth-like planet astronomers and hunters fantasize about. Although there are some scientists thinking outside of the box and broadening the criteria of their search. Some with the help of the Planetary Habitability Index, a scoring system that measures the suitability for all known life forms, it also accounts for the possibility of organisms that may not currently fit the parameters of life as we know it. The Planetary Habitability Index was created by a team led by Washington State University astrobiologist Dirk-Shulze-Makuch who stated, "We can't go after only the Earth model of life. You really want to be open-minded." Under Shulze-Makuch's rating system solid surfaces with an atmosphere and any liquids score much higher than a dry world or a gaseous planet like Jupiter or Saturn.
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| Artist rendering provided by NASA that shows the Earth-sized planet dubbed Kepler-186f orbiting a star 500 light-years from Earth. Astronomers say the planet may hold water on its surface and is the best candidate yet of a habitable planet in the ongoing search for an Earth twin. |
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Colwellia psychrerythraea Photo: Richard A. Finkelstein |
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If one subscribes to the theory of Panspermia, the idea that life is transferred from planet to planet, and galaxy to galaxy throughout the universe, as the means by which life began on Earth. As opposed to Abiogenesis, the theory that life originated and developed spontaneously on Earth through the gradual chemical evolution of molecules that contain carbon in the primordial soup. However, these two theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. But if the theory of Panspermia is closer to the truth of how life began on Earth, or possibly true for only some of the organisms on Earth rather than all. Then it would mean that some of these life forms, which have traveled between habitable planets, are probably quite similar and genetically comparable to organisms found here on earth. Possibly even indistinguishable.
The organisms that will be featured on this list can also be applied as possibilities in relation to the theory of Abiogenesis. If organisms do exist on alien planets, and some of them dwell in habitats that are comparable to environments here on Earth, then these alien organisms may be analogous. In other words, they would need to function in in relative ways to their Earthly counterparts and therefore may be somewhat similar appearance or display almost identical features and limbs which would enable them to travel through their similar environments. For example, the wings of pterosaurs, bats, and birds are analogous as wings used for flight, but homologous as forelimbs. Analogous describes the relation between characteristics in organisms that are apparently similar yet phylogenetically independent. Meaning that the wings are similar to enable these organisms to fly, but the wings in these organisms did not developed from the same structure or a recent common ancestor. Homology in contrast, is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different species that can adapt to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.
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| The wings of pterosaurs (1), bats (2) and birds (3) are analogous as wings, but homologous as forelimbs. |
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| A common example of homologous structures in evolutionary biology are the wings of bats and the arms of primates. Evolutionary theory explains the existence of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor. The biological derivation relationship (shown by colors) of the various bones in the forelimbs of four vertebrates is known as homology, and was one of Charles Darwin’s arguments in favor of evolution. |
Both the terrestrial and alien organisms would be faced with almost identical obstacles, via their similar environments, that must be solved through the facilitation of movement to obtain nutritional energy, or possibly obtain mates for the process of reproduction and because of this they might develop similar features. This would be an example of true convergent evolution, or the the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages resulting in symmetrical physical structures and limbs. It might result in proportional limbs with similar features to grasp objects with, similar eye-placement, or even whether or not eyes are present at all. Although if the theory of panspermia were to prove correct, then this would be better defined as parallel evolution. Parallel evolution is the development of similar traits in related, but distinct, species descending from the same ancestor, but from different clades.
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| Vertebrates (left) and octopuses (right) developed the camera eye independently and would be one example of convergent evolution. |
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| Two succulent plant genera, Euphorbia and Astrophytum, are only distantly related with distinct ancestors, but have independently converged on a similar body form. |
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| The Wooly mammoth and the modern elephant would be considered examples of parallel evolution because of a more recent common ancestor. However the cutoff point for what is considered convergent and what is considered parallel evolution is assigned somewhat arbitrarily. When two species are similar in a particular character, evolution is defined as parallel if the ancestors were also similar and convergent if they were not. However, this definition is somewhat murky. All organisms share a common ancestor more or less recently, so the question of how far back to look in evolutionary time and how similar the ancestors need to be for one to consider parallel evolution to have taken place is not entirely resolved within evolutionary biology. |
The various forms, functions, and physiques of organisms located on other habitable planets in the universe are probably endless and we are limited to capabilities of the human imagination and have only the environments that exist here on Earth, and the organisms that populate those environments, to draw comparisons. Yet, we also have technology that allows researchers, which include astronauts and scientists with NASA and the International Space Station (ISS), to expose organisms to simulated physically and geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most forms of life. This enables the researchers to see how these Earthly organisms might cope with an alien environment or conditions experienced in the vacuum of space.
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| Expose-R is a suite of ESA experiments, some of which could help understand how life originated on Earth, that was installed on the outside of the Russian segment of the International Space Station. Expose-R was equipped with three trays. Each tray was loaded with a variety of biological samples including plant seeds and spores of bacteria, fungi and ferns that was exposed to the harsh space environment for about one and a half years. |
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| These are electron micrographs of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 spores on aluminum before and after exposure to space conditions. |
One example of such an animal is the Tardigrade, an aquatic micro-animal that can survive travel in space. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with other extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, confirming that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research." Tardigrades can also withstand temperatures from just above absolute zero to well above the boiling point of water, pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches, ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human. They can go without food or water for more than 10 years, needing only 3% or less of their normal water intake to rehydrate, forage, and reproduce.
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| Tardigrade |
It may be that some of the organisms that reach new planets are preprogrammed not to evolve, to evolve slowly, or even to hold dormant the ability to devolve when under stress in order to retain their ability to survive harsh environments and therefore their ability to survive a planet's destruction. Although this trade off would land them at the bottom of the food chain, the long-term benefits would be worth the sacrifice. One example of such a creature may be the 40+ million year old water flea, a type of sea plankton and crustacean that can live on the surface of the International Space Station for years amid factors such as space flight, zero gravity, extreme temperatures, and hard cosmic radiation. The female water flea can also reproduce through parthenogenesis, the process of reproduction without the fertilization of eggs or any contribution from the male sex which produces both male and non-clone female offspring.
Most species of water flea display cyclical parthenogenesis, reproducing both sexually and asexually. Although when exposed to environmental stress, the water flea can biologically choose to reproduce through parthenogenesis. It has been hypothesized that this reproductive adaptation allows a single female to enter an isolated ecological niche (such as an unpopulated planet) and by parthenogenesis produce male offspring. Thereby establishing a sexually reproducing population via reproduction with her own offspring. Towards the end of the growing season the females produce tough "resting eggs" or "winter eggs." Most offspring are typically female, but a small number of males are also produced in most species. The males that are produced then fertilize the females' eggs. The resulting eggs are called resting eggs and are protected by a hardened coat called the ephippium, which can withstand periods of extreme cold, drought, or lack of food and still hatch. When conditions improve the resting eggs always hatch into viable females, ensuring their survival for another generation despite any harsh or extreme conditions.
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| Daphnia pulex (Water Flea) |
One supporting example for the theory of Panspermia is the fact that many organisms can travel and survive in the vacuum of space. (See Link: 6 Organisms That Can Survive Travel In The Vacuum Of Space) like the Tardigrade mentioned before. Or we could go a step further and look at those organisms that could persevere despite a worldwide nuclear fallout. Which could, in some aspects, simulate the extreme conditions experienced in the early years of our planet. Or simulate conditions on other planets with harsher environments than our own, like those with high radiation levels. One example of such an organism would be the extremophilic bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans, one of the most radioresistant organisms known to man that can survive cold, dehydration, vacuum, acid, and is therefore known as a polyextremophile. It was also listed as the world's toughest bacterium in The Guinness Book Of World Records and nicknamed Conan the Bacterium. (See Link: 6 Organisms That Can Survive The Fallout From A Nuclear Explosion)
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| Deinococcus radiodurans |
Several diverse organisms have been proven to possess the ability to survive cosmic radiation and travel in the vacuum of space. In theory, these organisms would do this by hitching rides on and in meteors, asteroids, or comets. Many organisms have the ability to lie dormant for a considerable number of years, until re-hydration occurs and more favorable conditions are located. The question now is: Can some resurrect after thousands of years or even millions? Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey and University of Reading report in Current Biology that Antarctic mosses can come back to life after 1,500 completely inactive years under the ice. "These mosses were basically in a very long-term deep freeze," says Peter Convey of the British Antarctic Survey. "This timescale of survival and recovery is much, much longer than anything reported for them before."
Also, The Milnesium tardigradum (Tardigrade) can even resurrect after exposure to dehydration, radiation, and the vacuum of space for up to 200 years or more. Tardigrades often live and feed off of mosses and lichen, lichen being another organism that can survive in space according to a study performed by The European Space Agency which reports that it's findings lend credence to the theory of Panspermia. The lichen was observed retreating into a dormant state, and waiting for better conditions to arise. Once it completed the trip back to Earth it continued to thrive. Also, because Tardigrades live and feed on lichen and both have the ability to travel in space, it may be that with the combination of the two organisms their survival rate would increase slightly.
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| Ivuna CI1 meteorite filament (left) and the giant bacterium Titano spirillum velox (Right) Fossil like structures found in meteorite and proposed to be similar in appearance to several species of cynobacteria by Richard Hoover, an astrobiologist with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, and published in the highly controversial Journal of Cosmology. |
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| Sri Lankan (Polonnaruwa) meteorite studied by researchers and Astrobiologists at Cardiff University who confirmed the rock found is a meteorite and the structures found inside it are not terrestrial, and are definitely “fossilized biological structures.” |
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| Images of the earliest microorganisms found on Earth 3.5 billion years old. (Left) They resemble filaments of modern blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) The oldest known rocks found on Earth are 3.8 billion years old, only slightly older than the oldest fossilized organisms found on Earth. |
Also, The Milnesium tardigradum (Tardigrade) can even resurrect after exposure to dehydration, radiation, and the vacuum of space for up to 200 years or more. Tardigrades often live and feed off of mosses and lichen, lichen being another organism that can survive in space according to a study performed by The European Space Agency which reports that it's findings lend credence to the theory of Panspermia. The lichen was observed retreating into a dormant state, and waiting for better conditions to arise. Once it completed the trip back to Earth it continued to thrive. Also, because Tardigrades live and feed on lichen and both have the ability to travel in space, it may be that with the combination of the two organisms their survival rate would increase slightly.
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| Electron microscopic image of lichen following post-flight analysis. The cells are complete and not broken. |
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| Formation on a meteorite believed to be a form of non-terrestrial cyanobacteria by Dr. Richard Hoover of NASA. (published in the Journal of Cosmology) |
If we observe organisms that are classified as extremophiles, or creatures that can survive the harshest conditions that exist on Earth, then we may be able to accurately hypothesize what types of creatures might exist on a planet with homologous surroundings to a place or specific environment located on Earth. For example, there are some organisms that live in highly acidic environments, consume poisonous heavy metals like arsenic, survive extreme temperatures, or even prevail in the complete absence of oxygen. These creatures could thrive on a planet that would normally be toxic and deadly to most life currently located on Earth.
Here is a list of 5 possibilities of how alien life could appear on other habitable planets:
5 Pompeii Worm
Described as the most heat tolerant animal known to science, the Pompeii Worm lives in deep hydro-thermal sea vents. They grow to about 5 inches and have red tentacles on their head's that work like gills. These creatures are particularly interesting due to the widely varying temperatures they occupy at one time. While their heads rest in a cool 72 degrees Fahrenheit, their tails seep in a extremely high 176 degrees Fahrenheit, a difference of over 100 degrees. Their trick is to feed tiny bacteria with mucus like secretions to encourage the bacteria to form a protective shell.
4 Watermelon Snow
Snow Algae is also called Watermelon Snow because of the red tint it leaves behind on clothing when coming in contact. It is a psychrophilic species of green algae, despite it's reddish tint, that lives in freezing water and ice like the snow and permafrost that doesn't melt after winter months. It has been described as looking like streams of blood pouring down the white and snowy mountain cliffs.
3 Acidithiobacillus
Acidithiobacillus is an acidophile, meaning that it thrives under highly acidic conditions. It metabolizes sulfur which it very useful to humans. It is used in a mining technique where metals are extracted from ore through oxidation as the catalysts in the bio-mining process. It just may have genetic cousins on some highly acidic planet.
2 Pyrococcus Furiosus
Pyrococcus Furiosis is classified as a Hyperthermophile because it thrives in extremely high temperatures, much higher that Thermophiles like the Pompeii Worm. It lives in temperatures of up to 217 degrees Fahrenheit, a temperature that would destroy most living organisms. It is also one of the few organisms that possesses enzymes containing tungsten which is rarely found in biological molecules. It lives in thermal marine sediments and is mostly noted for its exponential growth curve, doubling the number of individual organisms every 37 minutes.
1 Acitnomyces
Acitnomyces is an anerobic organism, meaning it does not require oxygen for growth. It thrives in oxygen free environments but can also use oxygen if needed. This would enable it to thrive on an oxygen free planet. Acitnomyces is a class of bacteria that was originally mistaken for a fungus because of the way it grows in fungi like branches. It produces a number of enzymes that help degrade organic matter and is important in the composting procedure.
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